“A ‘system’ can be defined as a complex of elements standing in interaction. There are general principles holding for systems, irrespective of the nature of the component elements and the relations of forces between them. …In modern science, dynamic interaction is the basic problem in all fields, and its general principles will have to be formulated in general General Systems Theory.”

Ludwig von Bertalanffy – Problems of Life

Natural dyes from (A) birch: (1) leaves with alum mordant, (2) bark, (3) bark with iron mordant, (4) bark with alum mordant; (B) lichen (Lecanora tartarea)

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